From rules to learning systems
Distinguish rules, machine learning, and generative AI in a workplace task.
Three different ways to solve a problem
A rules-based system follows instructions written by people: if a training record is expired, flag it. Machine learning learns statistical patterns from examples: predict which service requests may take longer using past outcomes. Generative AI creates a new output, such as a draft summary. It may use machine learning, but generating text is not the same as finding a verified fact. AI is the broad category; machine learning is one approach within it; deep learning uses neural networks with multiple layers.
How learning works
Supervised learning uses examples with known labels, such as a request and its correct category. Unsupervised learning looks for patterns without supplied labels, such as clusters of similar requests. Reinforcement learning changes a policy based on rewards from interaction. Training fits model parameters; inference uses the trained model on a new input. Evaluation must use examples that were not used to train the system, or the apparent performance may be misleading.
A leadership decision
A G-6 team wants to route routine help requests. A fixed rule can route a known form field. A classifier may help with varied free text. A language model may draft a response. Start with the lowest-complexity approach that meets the need. A model adds uncertainty, monitoring, data requirements, and maintenance; it is not automatically an improvement.
Apply the distinction.
Classify these tasks: (1) flag a date older than 365 days; (2) learn request categories from labeled examples; (3) draft an orientation message. For each, name the approach and the person who verifies the result.
Key takeaway
Choose the method to fit the task. A deterministic rule is often the strongest baseline.
Continue with your team.
The full program adds saved exercises, five module assessments, completion certificates, and administrator reporting. Written activities record participation; scored assessments check comprehension.